What is a circuit breaker? Definition, Types
Table of Contents
What is a circuit breaker?
A circuit breaker is an important device that we need to use for the system’s safety while using electrical lines at home. That is, it is a device that keeps electrical and electronic equipment safe. When an abnormal current or short circuit occurs in an electrical line, the circuit breaker immediately (in less than 1 second) disconnects the electrical line from the faulted location. Circuit breakers are usually designed like switches, which only operate in the on and off mode.
How do circuit breakers work?
A circuit breaker automatically protects the circuit when the voltage in the circuit is higher than the design voltage.
- Short circuit in AC line (line to line or line to neutral)
- Overload
- Leakage current
Why are circuit breakers used?
Circuit breakers are used to protect electricity, electrical wiring, and various types of electronic devices from electrical accidents in our homes, offices, and factories.
Types of Circuit Breakers
There are different types of circuit breakers, with each type having specific features and functions. Some of the most commonly used circuit breakers are discussed below.
Voltage level based on installation
- Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker
- Medium-Voltage Circuit Breaker
- High-Voltage Circuit Breaker
Based on the service
- Outdoor Circuit Breaker
- Indoor Circuit Breaker
Based on arc or fire extinguishing
- Oil Circuit Breaker
- Air Circuit Breaker
- Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker
- Vacuum circuit breaker.
Based on the operating mechanism
- Spring-operated circuit breaker.
- Pneumatic Circuit Breaker.
- Hydro-electric circuit breaker.
Final Thoughts
Circuit breakers are indispensable components in any electrical system, providing essential protection and ensuring the safety and reliability of electrical installations. Understanding their types, components, and working principles helps in selecting the right breaker for specific applications and maintaining them for optimal performance. As technology advances, circuit breakers continue to evolve, offering enhanced features and greater reliability, paving the way for smarter and safer electrical systems.
